Electronic mail- The most widely used tool on the internet is electronic mail. It is used to send written messages electronically. It is very convenient and inexpensive way to transmit messages.
E-mail address- There we have some examples of E-mail address-
abc@yahoomail.co.in
abc@hotmail.com
E-mail address have two parts separated by ‘@’ symbol
e.g. abc@gmail.co.in
here user name is abc and gmail.co.in is a domain name
- User name- On the left side of @ separator is the user name. A user names can not have blanks.
- Domain name for the host server- The portion to the right of @ separator is server or host or network that services e-mail. It is sometimes called the e-mail server.
Advantages of E-mail-
- Low cost
- Speedy method
- Waste reduction (No need to use any type of stationery for writing e-mail message)
- Easy to use
- Record maintenance
- Patience
Limits of E-mails-
- Hardware requirement
- Impermanent
- A hasty medium
- Hard to convey emotion
Structure of E-mail message
E-mail message can contain following components
- From- this is the address of sender of the e-mail
- To- this is the address or addresses to which the mail is sent
- CC- CC stands for carbon copy. Here is the address of those to whom we want to send copy of the mail. CC recipient’s name is visible to all recipient.
- BCC- BCC stands for Blind carbon copy. This is also a list of addresses. These people will receive a copy of the message. But a BCC recipient’s name is not visible to the other recipient. The BCC recipient can see the To and CC addresses.
- Subject- It is a short title for the mail
- Body- the text of the message is written in the body component.
- Attachment- by using this component we can attach one or more files, pictures and documents with our e-mail.
- Date- this is the date and time on which the message was sent from the sender’s computer.
- Message-ID- every message have a unique id. But it is not visible to us. It is used to track replies to it.
Formats of E-mail messages- There can be two possible formats of an e-mail message:-
1. Plain text(txt)e-mail-
i. Can be read by any type of e-mail application.
ii. Does not offer text formatting.
iii. Pictures or graphic cannot be inserted.
2. Rich text format-
i. Does offer text formatting
ii. Cannot be read by every type of e-mail application.
iii. Pictures or graphics can be inserted.
Emoticons- Emoticons or smileys are the symbols used to express emotions or convey facial expressions
List of some popular emoticons are-
Sr. No.
|
Emoticon Symbol
|
Meaning
|
1
|
:)
|
A smile, happy
|
2
|
;)
|
A wink(Closing one eye)
|
3
|
:-<
|
Real sad
|
4
|
>:-(
|
Someone mad
|
5
|
:-0
|
Shouting
|
6
|
:-D
|
Laughing
|
7
|
x-(
|
Dead
|
8
|
0:-)
|
An angel
|
9
|
<g>
|
Grin
|
10
|
:-)
|
A smiley with a nose
|
11
|
:(
|
A frown(angry)
|
12
|
:->
|
Devious smile
|
13
|
:-I
|
Grin
|
14
|
:-p
|
Sticking out tongue
|
15
|
:~(
|
Crying
|
16
|
@>-,-,-
|
A rose
|
17
|
1-1
|
asleep
|
Search engines- A search engine is a program that searches through a database of web pages for particular information
Find information using a search engine- There are many search engines on the web. Some of these are:
Sr. No.
|
Search Engine
|
URL
|
1
|
Google
| |
2
|
Yahoo!
|
How search engine works- A search engine works with the help of following three elements
i. Agent
ii. Indexing software & database
iii. Search algorithm
- Agent- The search engine use a software called spider or WebCrawler or robot or bot or agent which search for document and their web addresses.
- Indexing software and database- The indexing software extracts information from the document and web addresses, prepares Indexes of it and stores in a database.
- Search algorithm- The search engine software searches database using a particular search method called search algorithm. Then it displays the matching documents or web addresses.
Some searching tips:-
- Do not ask questions e.g. who is the home minister of India this is because the search engine searches for each work in the search query separately
- Surround your query in quotes such as (; & -) and also (“ “) If we want it to be treated as single phrase rather than a series of individual search terms.
- e.g. If we want to search the book title “God of small things” the we may write it as:-
Or
god-of-small-things
Or
god;of;small;things
- Use wildcard * for pattern matching. If we want to search for certain things starting with dir, then we may write it as dir* this will search for many words starting with dir.
- e.g. dire, direct, direction etc.
- Lowercase words are not case-sensitive but uppercase words are case-sensitive e.g. if we write programs it will match with program and PROGRAM, Program and ProGram etc. But if we write Program thenit will match Program only.
- If we want to specify word or phrase must appear in matches document, then we can use (+) sign immediately before it e.g. +boston+university. So it will match with the web pages having word boston university.
- If we want to specify word or phrase must not appear in matched document, then we can use (-) sign immediately before it e.g. +India-Punjab. Then it will match with the web pages having word India except Punjab.
Video conferencing- A two-way video phone conversation among multiple participants is called video conferencing. To make use of video conferencing we need to install a digital camera (web camera), a video conferencing software(Microsoft net meeting) and an internet connection.
FTPing- FTP refers to file transfer protocol which defines a method for transferring files from one computer to another computer.
Anonymous FTP- It is a method which allow general public to access files from FTP server. Someone connecting to an FTP site via anonymous FTP does not need an other specific permission. We can simply log in with the user name anonymous and can give our e-mail address in place of a password. FTP sites have a pub directory where from anonymous user can download files.
Downloading- downloading refers to transfer of files from FTP server on to our computer.
Uploading- Uploading refers to transfer of files from our computer on to FTP server.
Command line FTP session
i. Starting FTP program- Click at start button-run command and then write in the run dialog C:\window\ftp then click ok button now type open command in FTP> prompt as FTP > open servername
ii. Logging in- Write the user name as anonymous and then type e-mail address at the password prompt
iii. Using directory- We can use following commands for listing the contents of the current directory or folder
is, is-I, dir
iv.Changing directory- We can change to another directory by using following commands FTP> cd pub
v.Downloading files- By using get and mget we can download files by using get command we can only download a single file by using mget command we can download multiple files. E.g. FTP>get <filename>
FTP>mget<filename1, filename2, …>
vi.Uploading files- We can upload files by using two commands put and mput. By using put command we can upload only a single file. By using mput command we can upload multiple files. E.g. FTP>put <filename> or FTP>mput<filename1, filename2, …>
vii.Disconnecting- By using close command we can disconnect from the FTP server and using bye command we can disconnect & quit from FTP servers session.
Telnet- Telnet is an internet utility that lets us logon to remote computer system.
Starting telnet session- To start a telnet session first we have to run the telnet client and then connect to the desired telnet site.
By using following steps we can start telnet session:-
- Click at start button then we can start run command then type telnet or C:\windows\telnet in the run dialog.
- Connect to telnet site by using open command followed by the telnet site address. E.g. Microsoft telnet> open nyplgate.nypl.org. Now we can start browsing.
- How we can disconnect telnet session- by typing q or we may even click close button
Newsgroup- News group or form is an online community bulletin board where user can post messages and respond to posted messages or just read them. Groups of related messages known as threads.
Using a newsgroup-
- If we want to search for an HTML newsgroup then first we need to open newsgroup/club site of yahoo.
- Then we can write search query as “HTML” then we can see the newsgroup related to HTML query.
- If we want to join any newsgroup then we can click at join this club link and followed the instructions given by the yahoo site
- Ones we became member then we can post our messages by using post message ink
- If we want to read any message then we can click at its title and if we want to reply then we can click replay button.